Giant Encephalocele – A rare case report with review of literature

Abstract

Background

A congenital neural tube defect known as an encephalocele is characterised by the herniation of cranial contents via a defect in the skull and is brought on by a failure of the cranial part of the developing neural tube to close. When an encephalocele is larger than the head, it is referred to as a "giant encephalocele". For a positive neurological outcome, they consider the size of the sac, the percentage of neural tissue inside, hydrocephalus, infection, and other related disorders.

Case presentation

We describe a case of a four-month-old child who had a massive occipital encephalocele measuring 23× 19X 8cms in size. This case presented us with both surgical and anaesthetic challenges. Intubation was accomplished while lying on the side. The sac contained some of the parenchyma of the occipital and cerebellum. The surgical excision and repair we did had a positive overall result.

Conclusion

A large occipital encephalocele poses a difficulty for anesthesiologists and neurosurgeons alike in terms of perioperative treatment. Such a situation necessitates the search for further congenital anomalies, airway management competence, and appropriate perioperative care. For a satisfactory outcome, careful preparation and perioperative management are crucial.