From Myths to Facts: Predictors of Knowledge about Tuberculosis in Rural Bareilly

Abstract

Background - Tuberculosis (TB) remains a major global health challenge, with India having the highest burden of cases. Public awareness is crucial for controlling TB, as it aids in reducing mortality and morbidity through early detection and accurate information. Stigma often surrounds TB, leading to social rejection, but basic knowledge and access to free treatment can help support patients within their communities. Addressing misconceptions is particularly important in remote and underserved areas with limited healthcare access. This study aimed to assess knowledge, attitudes, and behaviours regarding TB in the rural areas of Bareilly district.

Methods - A community-based cross-sectional study was conducted in the rural areas of Bareilly district. A pre-designed, pre-validated, semi-structured questionnaire, translated into the local language, was used for data collection, which was analysed statistically.

Results - The study included 100 patients, among whom males and literates showed higher awareness of TB symptoms. Of the participants, 96% believed in taking precautions; 20% approved of separating utensils and food; 25% endorsed covering the mouth during coughing; 29% practised proper sputum disposal; 17% emphasised a good diet and a clean environment, and 9% advocated for staying separately. Vaccination awareness was noted in 9% of participants, while 32% were knowledgeable about the treatment regimen. Additionally, 73% were aware of the availability of free anti-tubercular aid provided by the government.

Conclusion - The study revealed that females and illiterate patients had significantly less knowledge about TB symptoms, transmission, and aetiology. Although the overall knowledge regarding these aspects was satisfactory among the majority of the population, there remains a critical need to prioritize educational efforts for females and illiterate individuals. Additionally, misconceptions, such as the belief that TB can be transmitted through food and utensils, must be addressed and corrected.

Keywords: Tuberculosis, awareness, misconceptions